Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)

Bored tunneling by using a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is frequently used for excavating long tunnels. Tunneling Boring Machine (TBM) are all the time more used for tunneling with difficult and complex geological environment, including rock and soil mixed and interfaced grounds, bursting rocks, squeezing and swelling grounds, highly rocks fractured , shear and fault zones and grounds under high in situ stress and water pressure.
Tunnel Boring Machine may be suitable for excavating tunnels which contain competent rocks that can provide adequate geological stability for boring a long section tunnel without structural support. However, very hard rock can cause major wear of the TBM rock cutter and may slow down the progress of the tunneling works to the point where TBM becomes useless and uneconomical and may take longer time than the drill and blast tunneling method.

Bored tunneling Benefits
• Possible environmental impacts in terms of dust, noise and visual on sensitive receives are much reduced and are restricted to those located near the launching and retrieval shafts
• Compared with the cut and cover approach, trouble to local traffic and associated environmental crash would be much reduced

Road header machine in Construction

A road header machine called a boom type road header. Road headers are advanced, self forced and extremely powerful rock cutting machines are designed to excavate roadways, tunnels and compartments continuously without using volatile. Powered electro hydraulically, they produce no fumes and are used extensively in mineral mining, coal mining and underground construction projects, where their capacity to excavate the desired profile without causing damaging vibrations is highly valued for both safety environmental reasons.

Road header machine

It  is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a boom mounted cutting head, a loading machine usually involving a conveyor and a crawler travelling track to move the whole machine forward into the rock face. The road header also includes separate part, multi purpose hydraulic cutting heads for increasing on excavators.
The cutting head can be a general purpose rotating drum mounted in line or perpendicular to the boom or can be particular function heads such as jack hammer like spikes, compression fracture micro wheel heads like those on larger tunnel boring machines like a gigantic chain saw for dicing up rock or simple jaw like buckets of traditional excavators.

• Construction road headers
Road headers for construction are set with powerful, transverse cutter heads proven to give the best cutting performance in a wide range of rock formations. Subway tunnels, shaft sinking, rehabilitation of existing tunnels, road tunnels and excavation of underground caverns are some examples where these machines have established their great flexibility.


• Mining road headers
Road headers for mining are prepared with powerful, transverse cutter heads proven to give an unparalleled cutting performance in a wide range formation of rock. Mounted on an extremely robust hydraulic boom they are reliable, rugged, highly creative result for both development and direct production duties.

• Hydraulic cutting heads
Hydraulic cutting heads are designed to be increase on suitable excavators quickly and easily. With transverse cutting structures, tried, geometrically optimized and tested on some of the world’s most rocky mining and tunneling machines, they are well organized, multi use tools for various applications including scaling, production, tunnel treatment, roadway leveling, trenching and demolition.

Use of Road Rollers in construction

Road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations, similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture.

Road Roller

Use of Paver in construction

A paver (paver finisher, asphalt finisher, paving machine) is an engineering vehicle used to lay asphalt on roadways. It is normally fed by a dump truck. A separate machine, a roller, is then used to press the hot asphalt mix, resulting a smooth, even surface. The sub-base being prepared by use of a grader to trim crushed stone to profile after rolling

Road Paver in construction 

Use of compactor in construction industries

A compactor is a machine or mechanism used to material soil through compaction in construction industry.

Road roller

In construction, there are three main types of compactor:

• Plate compactor
• Jumping Jack.
• Road roller.

 The roller type compactors are used for compacting crushed rock as the base layer underneath concrete or stone foundations or slabs.

The plate compactor has a large vibrating base plate and is suited for creating a level grade, while the jumping jack compactor has a smaller foot. The jumping jack type is mainly used to compact the backfill in narrow trenches for water or gas supply pipes etc. Road rollers may also have vibrating rollers.

Use of Forklift in construction

A forklift truck (lift truck,  fork truck,  forklift,tow-motor) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials.

Forklift use for lifting materials 

Forklift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities. In a typical warehouse setting most forklifts used have load capacities between one to five tons. Larger machines, up to 50 tons lift capacity are used for lifting heavier loads. 

Use of conveyors material transportation Equipment in construction

A conveyor structure is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another location.

Conveyors use to transfer material  

Conveyors are mainly useful in applications involving the transportation of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which make them very popular in the material handling and packaging industries

Use of Tanker (Tank truck) used in construction

A tank truck (USA usage) or road tanker (UK usage) is a motor vehicle designed to carry liquefied loads, dry bulk cargo or gases on roads. The largest such vehicles are similar to railroad tank cars which are also designed to carry liquefied loads. Many variants exist due to the wide variety of liquids that can be transported. In construction its use for carrying concrete mixed

Tankers

use of trailer construction vehicle

 Trailer is generally an un-powered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle.


Commonly, the term trailer refers to such vehicles used for transport of goods and materials in construction or other related field.

Use of tippers in construction

A truck or lorry the rear platform of which can be raised at the front end to allow the load to be discharged by gravity also called tip truck.

Tipper 

Tippers are suited for the rough and tumble of mining & quarrying operations, as well as for carrying bulk loads in construction and infrastructure industries. Complete maneuverability, high performance and long-term endurance are common to all trucks, resulting in lower operational costs.

Use of Skid steer loaders in construction

A skid loader or skid-steer loader is a small rigid frame, engine-powered machine with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of labor-saving tools or attachments.

Skid Loder

Though occasionally they are equipped with tracks, skid-steer loaders are typically four-wheel vehicles with the wheels mechanically locked in synchronization on each side, and the left-side drive wheels can be driven independently of the right-side drive wheels.

Use of backhoe in construction

A backhoe, also known a rear actor or back actor, is a section of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader.

Backhoe

The section of the arm nearby to the vehicle is known as the boom, and the section which carries the bucket is known as the dipper or dipper stick (the terms "boom" and "dipper" having been used previously on steam shovels). The boom is attached to the vehicle through a pivot known as the kingpost, which allows the arm to slew left and right, usually through a total of around 200 degrees. Modern backhoes are powered by hydraulics.

backhoe body 

Use of Crawler loader in construction

The crawler loader combines the stability of the crawler tractor with the abilities of a wheel loader.

However, to construct a reliable crawler loader it requires more than simply attaching a loader bucket onto a crawler tractor. It must be considered with its specific purpose in mind to ensure.It has the strength to survive heavy excavating.

crawler loader

The introduction of hydraulic excavators reduced the market for the crawler loader because it was incapable to match the excavator's lifting power and flexibility.

crawler loaders are capable of maneuvering across the entire construction site under its own power, whereas most hydraulic excavators require towing or transport. While crawler tractors are still being manufactured today.

Use of wheeled loading shovels in construction

loading shovels are loaded where it counts, pushing the  front end bucket loader efficiency higher. From mini loaders to large production machines, find the right fit for the work in load and carry operations, civil & building construction, earth moving, waste handling, recycling, landscaping, quarrying, aggregates, block handling, lumber yards, agriculture and more.

wheeled loading shovels

A shovel's work cycle, or digging cycle, consists of four phases:

• digging
• swinging
• dumping
• returning

Use of scrapers in construction advantage and disadvantage

The scraper is a large piece of equipment used in mining, construction, agriculture and other earth moving applications.

Scraper used in construction

When the hopper is full  it is raised, and closed with a vertical blade (other name :  apron). The scraper can carriage its load to the fill area where the blade is raised, the back panel of the hopper, or the ejector, is hydraulically pushed forward and the load tumbles out. Then the empty scraper returns to the cut site and repeats the cycle.

Use of Trenchers in construction advantage and disadvantages

It is sometimes called as Ditchers or Trenches, are similar to excavators in the sense that penetrate the soil, break soil and rock, and from the earth. . They differ from excavators in that the soil is removed in one continuous movement. Digging trenches for pipes used specifically for, but other machines have been improvised in the past in order to serve this purpose.

Trenches in construction

Trenchers can come in two types

1. Ladder trenchers 
2. Wheel trenchers

can dig trenches at speeds that other machines cannot compare to.

Use of Bulldozer in Construction advantage and disadvantage

A bulldozer is a crawler (continuous Tracked tractor) with a substantial metal plate used (known as blade) fitted to push  large amounts of soil, sand, dirt or other materials when construction or remodeling and usually push on the back with a claw mechanism (Known as ripper) ) to loosen densely-compacted materials.

Use of Concrete mixture (Cement mixture ) in construction

A Concrete (Cement Mixer) is a machine that combines cement evenly to form aggregates such as sand or gravel and water to concrete. A typical concrete mixer using a rotating drum for mixing the components. For smaller volume works portable concrete mixers are regularly used for concrete, can be produced at the site, so that workers have enough time to use the concrete before it hardens time.

Manual Concrete mixture in construction 

Special trucks for transporting concrete produced and ready-mix concrete to the construction site. They can be charged with dry materials and water, with the mixing occurring during transport. With this method, the material was mixed. The concrete truck transportation of liquid mixture maintained material by movement or rotation of the drum to the delivery.

Concrete mixture 

Use of Hoist in construction

Hoist  is a device for raising or lowering a load by means of a drum or wheel lift to which wraps the rope or chain. It can be operated by hand, is driven electrically or pneumatically, and the chain or wire rope fibers are used as lifting device. The load connected to the lifting means of a lifting hook

Hoist lifting materials

Also known as a man-lift, Buck-hoist, temporal lift, builder forklifts, lift or elevator, is this kind of lift is often in large construction projects large as tall buildings or large hospitals. There are many other uses for the elevator.

other industries use the buck  hoist for full-time operations. The purpose is to transfer its personnel, material and equipment between the ground and the upper floors, or between plants in the middle of a structure.

Electric Hoist used in construction 

Use Of Crane in Construction, Advantage and Disadvantage

A crane is a type of machine commonly used in construction, generally equipped with an elevator, ropes or chains and sheaves that can be used both to move and to lift and lower materials horizontally. It is mainly used for heavy lifting and transport to other locations.
One or more simple machines are used to provide a mechanical benefit and thus to move loads on the normal ability of a person.
 Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of goods for the movement of materials and manufacturing industries for mounting agricultural machinery, in the construction industry.

Tower crane in construction